Reliability of Cyclotronics Smart Trainer Power Output in Trained Cyclists
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28985/1526.jsc.02Keywords:
cycling, graded exercise test, power profile test, reproducibilityAbstract
The aim of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability of the Cyclotronics Smart Trainer during a graded exercise test (GXT) and a power profile test (PPT) in trained cyclists. For the GXT reliability analysis, 22 cyclists performed three GXTs, each separated by seven days. For the PPT reliability assessment, a smaller group of 10 trained participants (2 females, including 1 triathlete and 7 cyclists) completed one GXT followed by three PPTs, also separated by seven days. The first test in each protocol was used for familiarization and excluded from the reliability analysis. During the GXT, the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 5.5% at the lowest workload (100 W) to 1.6% at the highest workload (300 W), demonstrating reduced variability at higher intensities. A very low CV was also observed for peak power output (PPO), indicating high consistency in maximal performance measures. Regarding the PPT, acceptable test–retest reliability was observed, particularly for efforts lasting 120 seconds or more. As expected, shorter efforts showed slightly greater variability, which is common in high-intensity performance tests with a smaller sample size. In conclusion, the Cyclotronics Smart Trainer demonstrated reliable measurements during both GXT and PPT protocols. These findings support its use in repeated testing scenarios where measurement consistency is essential.
Downloads
References
Bertucci, W., Duc, S., Villerius, V., & Grappe, F. (2005). Validity and reliability of the Axiom PowerTrain cycle ergometer when compared with an SRM powermeter. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 26(1), 59–65. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-817855
Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1986). Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. The Lancet, 327(8476), 307–310. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8
Borszcz, F. K., Tramontin, A. F., Bossi, A. H., Carminatti, L. J., & Costa, V. P. (2018). Functional threshold power in cyclists: Validity of the concept and physiological responses. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(10), 737–742. DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-101546
Borszcz, F. K., de Aguiar, R. A., Costa, V. P., Denadai, B. S., & de Lucas, R. D. (2024). Agreement Between Maximal Lactate Steady State and Critical Power in Different Sports: A Systematic Review and Bayesian's Meta-Regression. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 38(6), e320–e339. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004772
Bouillod, A., Soto-Romero, G., Grappe, F., Bertucci, W., Brunet, E., & Cassirame, J. (2022). Caveats and recommendations to assess the validity and reliability of cycling power meters: A systematic scoping review. Sensors, 22(1), 386. DOI: 10.3390/s22010386
Hoon, M. W., Michael, S. W., Patton, R. L., Chapman, P. G., & Areta, J. L. (2016). A Comparison of the Accuracy and Reliability of the Wahoo KICKR and SRM Power Meter. Journal of Science and Cycling, 5(3), 11-15. https://jsc-journal.com/index.php/JSC/article/view/240
Hopkins, W. G. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1–15. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001
Hopkins, W. G. (2015). Spreadsheets for analysis of validity and reliability. Sportscience, 19, 36–42. https://sportsci.org/2015/ValidRely.htm
Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 41(1), 3–13. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
Jamnick, N. A., Pettitt, R. W., Granata, C., Pyne, D. B., & Bishop, D. J. (2020). An examination and critique of current methods to determine exercise intensity. Sports Medicine, 50(10), 1729–1756. DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01322-8
Jeker, D., Gosselin, J., Drouet, J. M., & Goulet, E. D. B. (2021). Validity and reliability of the Computrainer Lab™ during simulated 40 and 100 km time-trials. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 735046. DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.735046
Lamberts, R. P., Swart, J., Noakes, T. D., & Lambert, M. I. (2009). Changes in heart rate recovery after high-intensity training in well-trained cyclists. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(5), 705–713. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0952-y
McIlroy, B., Passfield, L., Holmberg, H. C., & Sperlich, B. (2021). Virtual training of endurance cycling: A summary of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 631101. DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.631101
Morais, J. E., Bragada, J. A., Magalhães, P. M., & Marinho, D. A. (2024). The accuracy and reliability of the power measurements of the TACX Neo 2T Smart Trainer and its agreement against the Garmin Vector 3 Pedals. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(3), 138. DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9030138
Peiffer, J. J., & Losco, B. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Fortius trainer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(5), 353–356. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1271772
Pinot, J., & Grappe, F. (2011). The record power profile to assess performance in elite cyclists. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(11), 839–844. DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279773
Seiler, S. (2010). What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(3), 276–291. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.5.3.276
Sparks, S. A., Williams, E., Jones, H., Bridge, C., Marchant, D., & McNaughton, L. (2016). Test-retest reliability of a 16.1 km time trial in trained cyclists using the CompuTrainer ergometer. Journal of Science and Cycling, 5(3), 35-41. https://jsc-journal.com/index.php/JSC/article/view/272
Stöggl, T. L., & Sperlich, B. (2015). The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes. Frontiers in Physiology, 6, 295. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00295
Zadow, E. K., Kitic, C. M., Wu, S. S. X., & Fell, J. W. (2018). Reliability of Power Settings of the Wahoo KICKR Power Trainer After 60 Hours of Use. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(1), 119–121. DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0732
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Science and Cycling

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors contributing to Journal of Science and Cycling agree to publish their articles under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND license, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, for any purpose, even commercially, under the condition that appropriate credit is given, that a link to the license is provided, and that you indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to Cycling Research Center.


